Space Academy · Contents · Chapter 6 · §6.2 · Nederlandse versie

§6.2 Kinetic from the ground: the ASAT tests

Four countries have destroyed one of their own satellites with a missile from Earth.

Open §6.2 in the academy

DateCountryTarget and altitudeResult
13 Sep. 1985USSolwind (P78-1), ± 525 km — ASM-135 from an F-15Little long-lived debris
11 Jan. 2007ChinaWeather satellite Fengyun-1C, ± 865 km — SC-19More than 3,000 tracked fragments; the largest debris event ever
21 Feb. 2008USUSA-193, ± 247 km — SM-3 from a cruiser (Burnt Frost)Debris decayed quickly because of the low orbit
27 Mar. 2019IndiaMicrosat-R, ± 283 km — Mission ShaktiLargely gone within months
15 Nov. 2021RussiaKosmos 1408, ± 480 km — NudolMore than 1,500 tracked fragments; the ISS crew had to shelter

In April 2022 the US announced a unilateral halt to destructive DA-ASAT tests; in December 2022 a UN General Assembly resolution, with broad support, called on all countries to do the same. Russia and China voted against. A test is not needed to have the capability, by the way: a missile defence system that can hit a warhead can in principle also hit a satellite in low orbit.

See the cards Nudol and SC-19 / DN series.